Champagne and Sparkling Wine

Table of Contents
  1. From Still to Sparkling Wine in Champagne
  2. Viticulture and Climate in Champagne
  3. The Regions of Champagne
  4. The CIVC and Échelle de Crus
  5. Types of Champagne Producers
  6. The Méthode Champenoise
  7. Styles of Champagne
  8. Still wines of Champagne
  9. Other Traditional Method Sparkling Wines
  10. Other Sparkling Winemaking Methods
  11. Review Quizzes

From Still to Sparkling Wine in Champagne

The techniques of sparkling winemaking did not originate with the Benedictine monk Dom Pérignon, nor was the first purposely sparkling wine produced in the region of Champagne. Regardless, through centuries of refinement Champagne has become the world’s leading sparkling wine and the vinous embodiment of luxury and celebration.

The méthode Champenoise, a complicated process involving secondary fermentation in the bottle, is at the heart of Champagne’s character and has been adopted by sparkling winemakers worldwide. The term, like “Champagne” itself, is protected by the EU, and may only be applied to sparkling wines produced according to the prescribed method within the Champagne AOP. Wines made in the fashion of Champagne but produced elsewhere may be labeled as traditional method (méthode traditionnelle) or classic method (méthode classique). Some producers, particularly in the US, continue to label their sparkling wines as Champagne, but such wines are banned from the EU.

Dom Pérignon’s lasting contributions to modern Champagne lie in the techniques of assemblage (blending) and viticulture, despite the persistent myth that anoints him as the inventor of sparkling winemaking. As cellar master at the Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668 until his death in 1715, Pérignon struggled with the problem of natural refermentation. The irrepressibly cold winters of the region created a danger: as the weather cooled off in the autumn and the yeasts became dormant, fermentation would sometimes prematurely stop, and the wines
Comments
Anonymous
  • Time to update the Methode Ancestral section to something more robust - Pét Nat is rapidly increasing in accessibility, affordability, and availability as a sparkling wine category in major cities. We have to start paying attention to it.

  • Hi Keith, this is a good question. In practice, people often refer to training methods and pruning methods interchangeably since pruning ultimately determines the training style. While it can be helpful when learning about pruning/training to try to break these concepts apart to make the ideas more digestible, outside of the academic setting, you'll most commonly hear these referred to as pruning methods/styles. I'm going to leave the language as is to reflect that, and to match the English translation on the website for the Comité Champagne.

  • Not to delve too deeply into hot-button current events, but modern usage would suggest that ‘the Ukraine’ should just read ‘Ukraine’.

  • The section on other traditional method sparkling wines includes Crémant de Savoie among the crémants, but then lists Vin de Savoie among the other non-crémant appellations, which I found confusing, as Crémant de Savoie is the designation for traditional method sparkling wines from the Vin de Savoie AOP (if I understand things correctly). That section also includes the following text: ‘Blanquette de Limoux AOP wines from the Languedoc region are also produced by the traditional method, from a minimum 90% Mauzac, Chardonnay, and Chenin Blanc.’ I’d suggest rephasing to: ‘Blanquette de Limoux wines from the Limoux AOP in the Languedoc region are also produced by the traditional method, from a minimum 90% Mauzac that may be blended with Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc.’

  • The section on the méthode champenoise above includes the following text: ‘The modern method of dégorgement à la glace involves dipping the neck of bottle in a freezing brine solution.’ Minor typo: ‘the neck of bottle’ should read ‘the neck of the bottle’.